How to use this calculator
Choose the design. Enter paired differences for sign or signed-rank; independent samples for U or Kruskal–Wallis.
Formula and method
Sign uses exact Binomial(n,½). Wilcoxon and U use tie-adjusted normal approximation. Kruskal–Wallis uses tie-corrected rank sums and χ² approximation.
Worked example
Differences 1,2,3,4,5: sign test has 5 positive signs and two-sided exact p=0.0625.
Assumptions and supported scope
Sign test exact; other p-values asymptotic. No exact Wilcoxon/U, continuity correction or multiple-comparison adjustment. At most 500 values per sample and 12 groups.
Method references
Method and worked example checked against the calculator implementation. About our methods · Report a correction